MAJOR JONES: I want you to turn to Page 30 of the German document book, Page 22 of the English document book, so that your memory may be refreshed as to what sort of suffering these victims had to suffer under these so-called low-pressure experiments. [Turning to the President.] It is in the last answer on Page 22 of the English document book, My Lord.
Pacholegg states there:
"I have personally seen, through the observation window of the chamber, when a prisoner inside would stand a vacuum until his lungs ruptured. Some experiments gave men such pressure in their heads that they would go mad and pull out their hair in an effort to relieve the pressure. They would tear their heads and faces with their fingers and nails in an attempt to maim themselves in their madness. They would beat the walls with their hands and head and scream in an effort to relieve pressure on their eardrums. These cases of extremes of vacuums generally ended in the death of the subject. An extreme experiment was so certain to result in death that in many instances the chamber was used for routine execution purposes rather than as an experiment. I have known Rascher's experiments to subject a prisoner to vacuum conditions or extreme pressure conditions, or combinations of both, for as long as 30 minutes. The experiments were generally classified into two groups, one known as the living experiments, and the other simply as the 'X' experiment, which was a way of saying execution experiment."
Those were the sorts of 'experiments that were being carried on by Rascher for the Luftwaffe, weren't they?
SIEVERS: Those are low-pressure experiments, and I hear of the method of carrying them through here for the first time. The experiments which I witnessed ...
MAJOR JONES: Just answer my question. Those
experiments of that type were being carried out by the Luftwaffe ... for the Luftwaffe, weren't they?
SIEVERS:
Yes.
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SCHROEDER
The defendant Schroeder is charged under counts two and three of the indictment with special responsibility for, and participation in, High-Altitude, Freezing, Sulfanilamide, Sea-Water, Epidemic Jaundice, Typhus and other vaccines, and Gas Experiments.
Transscript ;excerpt ; judgement against defendant SCHROEDER:
[…].
HIGH-ALTITUDE EXPERIMENTS
These experiments were performed at Dachau concentration camp for the
benefit of the Luftwaffe during the year 1942. Details of the experiments are discussed in other portions of this judgment.
[…]
On 27 June 1944
Haagen, a Luftwaffe officer, wrote his collaborator Kalk, a consultant to Schroeder, asking, "Could you in your official position take the necessary steps to obtain the required experimental subjects?"
[…]
The record shows that
Haagen subsequently conducted epidemic jaundice experiments on prisoners at Natzweiler concentration camp.
[…]
Freezing experiments were carried out at Dachau concentration camp for the benefit of the Luftwaffe, during the year 1942.
[…]
TYPHUS EXPERIMENTS
Experiments in connection with typhus were conducted at Schirmeck and Natzweiler concentration camps during the years 1942, 1943, and 1944. The details of these experiments are discussed elsewhere in this judgment.
[…]
The experiments were carried out by a Luftwaffe medical officer, Professor Dr. Haagen. As a medical
officer of the Luftwaffe he was subject to Schroeder's orders after the latter became
Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe. The office of Schroeder issued and approved the research assignments pursuant to which these experiments were carried out. It provided the funds for the research.
[…]
GAS EXPERIMENTS
Experiments with various types of poison gas were performed by Luftwaffe Officer Haagen and a Professor Dr. Hirt in the Natzweiler concentration camp
[…]
A certain
Oberarzt Wimmer, a staff physician of the Luftwaffe worked with Hirt on the gas experiments throughout the period.
SEA-WATER EXPERIMENTS
Sea-water experiments were conducted on inmates of Dachau concentration camp during the late spring and summer of 1944. (On 1 January 1944 he [
Schroeder] replaced Hippke as Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe.)The defendant Schroeder openly admits that these experiments were conducted by his authority.
[…]
"OSKAR SCHROEDER, Military Tribunal I has found and adjudged you guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, as charged under the indictment